週跑量超過800公里會出什麼事﹖ 英男子破世界紀錄後送醫

2019-06-11

如果你在一週內跑超過八百公里，你的身體會發生什麼變化?英國一名33歲的冒險王上個月創下跑步機上的世界紀錄，在一週內跑524英里，相當於843公里。雖然破紀錄非常風光，但隨之而來的卻是三天後立馬被送進醫院，代表這樣的週跑量讓身體向他狠狠地報復。

週跑量超過800公里會出什麼事﹖ 英男子破世界紀錄後送醫 © Jamie McDonald

許多跑者會為自己設定週跑量，大多是以參賽目標和個人跑力為規劃基礎（延伸閱讀：週跑量幾公里? 專家提出7條計算原則），每週跑上百公里就算相當多。然而，英國格洛斯特一名冒險運動員、作家暨演說家傑米麥當勞（Jamie McDonald），在今年5月6日以一週跑524英里，打破跑步機上週跑量最長距離的世界紀錄，不料，他在短短3天後被送進醫院，主因短時間內過度訓練帶來的併發症。
對於跑者而言，多跑代表著累積經驗、累積實力，然而跑多少算太「多」﹖每個跑者心中都應該有個界限，跨過去就可能增加危險。加州大學戴維斯分校醫學中心運動醫學博士Brandee Waite、C.S.C.S.肌力與體能專家認證運動生理學家Janet Hamilton針對這起事件，分析出一週跑出524英里的話，你的身體可能會發生什麼變化。

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Jamie had a surprise visit today, from a journalist with @thesun newspaper. Every week, they nominate a 'hero', based on public suggestions. ???? Somebody that has done something amazing, be it a good deed or something for charity. This week, they didn't just pick a hero, they picked a superhero of the week! Jamie was presented with this souvenir front page to celebrate his efforts to give back. ???? On another positive note, Jamie **should** be leaving the hospital today. He's been well-looked after and said he feels like he's been a bit of a burden, but as one nurse said, he's spent years trying to thank and support hospitals, they don't mind it being their turn again for a few days ????. ???? Hopefully, the next update you receive will be from Jamie, when he's back home and about to tuck into a well-deserved roast dinner!

Jamie McDonald（@adventureman）分享的貼文於 PDT 2019 年 5月月 11 日上午 2:35 張貼

1. 疲勞性骨折

根據當地媒體Gloucestershire Live的報導，麥當勞先生雙腳腳踝都有潛在的疲勞性骨折，Waite和Hamilton認為這只是正常發揮、可被預料。當人在短時間內太快增加跑步里程數，因為施加過多重複壓力在骨頭上，小腿和腳底通常會發生疲勞性骨折。當雙腳骨頭有壓痛、腫脹和疼痛情形，請盡速就醫，因為它可能正是常見的跑步傷害－疲勞性骨折。

2. 紅血球數降低

麥當勞在他就醫的格羅斯特郡皇家醫院接受血液檢驗，結果出爐，他體內的紅血球竟只剩突破世界紀錄之前的一半。Waite指出，紅血球在體內與氧氣結合，負責將氧氣運輸至各組織，長距離跑者例如超馬跑者，可能發生「足部衝擊引起紅血球破裂（footstrike hemolysis）」，重複撞擊腳會導致紅血球損壞，歷經很長一段時間，這可能導致血液中的紅血球數減少，使血液攜氧能力降低，造成貧血。

3. 肌酸激酶飆高

依據麥當勞在破紀錄後的檢驗報告，他的肌肉酵素「肌酸激酶（Creatine kinase,CK）」是正常值的3倍。CK是什麼﹖當肌肉在運動時努力運作，肌肉組織受破壞，造成CK水平升高；Waite提醒，如果剛完成一場馬拉松時CK稍高，那倒不是什麼大問題，但若CK水平明顯飆高，那就是個問題了！
依據CK活性測定試劑盒操作手冊，CK水平增加與心肌梗塞、肌營養不良、肺栓塞及腦腫瘤等許多疾病有關，若CK水平超過正常值5倍，表示發生橫紋肌溶解症，這時細胞會釋放出名為「肌紅素」的蛋白質進入血液，可能引起腎損傷、心率不整、高鉀血症，甚至死亡。

4. 衰竭和恢復受阻

麥當勞在嘗試破紀錄的7天內，只有約16小時的睡眠時間，更有次持續36小時沒睡。Waite表示，過度疲勞會導致身體無法保持協調、更容易受傷，或是決策失誤。此外，睡眠不足會導致胰島素阻抗，身體無法正常吸收和處理葡萄糖的能量，對恢復產生負面影響。

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Jamie has woken up a double world record holder today, holding two of the toughest endurance records in the world! . 1. 524.4 miles in one week on a treadmill ????‍♂️ 2. Longest marathon static cycling - more than 11 days on an exercise bike ????‍♂️ . He is bed-bound, having slept for more than twelve hours last night - not shy of the total sleep he had during the week-long record! - and struggling to do much of anything this morning, but wanted us to share this with you. . “This morning, I can’t help but feel like everything is one big murky dream - like it didn’t happen. . “When I got back to my mum’s, I just broke down into tears. I don’t think I could or still yet can comprehend what I’ve achieved. I was shaking, and it felt like my brain and body were just in this huge shock. It’s been almost two years since I was last at home in Gloucester, having done the book and speaking tour across Canada, the US run and now this. A two year mission and I just think it’s time to recover. . “My body feels angry with me! I physically can’t walk or move my legs properly - ironic considering that’s exactly what happened to me as a kid - and I had to be carried into the bath like a baby last night. I’ve seized up, and feel like one big ball of inflammation. Even my hands are inflamed, and a quick observations check last night showed that I’ve got a flu-like temperature and a chest infection creeping up on me. . “Thinking positively though, my mum cooked me an amazing curry with rice last night, and I LOVED the stodginess of it! I’ve been keeping hydrated and I plan to go for a proper health check as soon as I can. . “About yesterday - it just felt like the entire city was there and supporting me, both in person and through what I’m told was happening online. Thank you Gloucester, and thank you to everybody everywhere that followed me through the highs and lows of the last two years, but particularly this week. It was and is overwhelming, and brings tears to my eyes every time I think about it. . “All I have to say at this point is just... thank you, from the bottom of my heart." . Enjoy this fantastic piece by Ken Goodwin at @itvwestcountry that sums the finish of the record up!

Jamie McDonald（@adventureman）分享的貼文於 PDT 2019 年 5月月 7 日上午 1:11 張貼